Disclosed herein are methods and compositions for generating pacemaker cells from non-pacemaker cardiomyocytes. For example, the method includes the step of culturing the non-pacemaker cardiomyocytes with silk fibroin so that the silk fibroin induces the transformation of at least a portion thereof into pacemaker cells.在此揭示用以由非起搏細胞型心肌細胞製備起搏細胞的方法與組合物。舉例來說,所述方法包含將非起搏細胞型心肌細胞和絲素蛋白一起培養,而使得該絲素蛋白誘導至少一部分的細胞轉型為起搏細胞。