The invention relates to a cosmetic, dermatological, dermocosmetic, oral cosmetic or nutraceutical composition, comprising a polymer that may be obtained by polymerization of diisocyanate and of polyol of formula (I"): (I") in which: -R'1 represents H or a C2-C19 alkyl group； -A1 represents a C2-C18 alkylene radical； -R'' represents a C1-C18 alkyl or a group -A2-OH, A2 representing an optionally substituted C1-C10 divalent alkylene radical； -R3 represents a C1-C18 alkyl or a group -A2-O-Y'. The invention also relates to a cosmetic treatment process using the said composition.
