Disclosed in the present specification are: a composition for preventing hair loss or promoting hair growth, containing ginseng-derived exosome-like vesicles; and a method for preparing the composition. The ginseng-derived exosome-like vesicles can have a diameter of 20-500 nm and can be isolated from ginseng root. The composition contains ginseng-derived exosome-like vesicles as active ingredients, thereby having an effect of inducing hair growth by activating dermal papilla cells (DPCs).