Disclosed are: a lightening composition comprising ginseng-derived exosome-like vesicles； and a method for producing the ginseng-derived exosome-like vesicles. The ginseng-derived exosome-like vesicles may have a diameter of between 20 and 500 nm, and may be isolated from ginseng root. Because the composition comprises the ginseng-derived exosome-like vesicles as an active ingredient, said composition is effective in preventing, improving or treating skin pigmentation conditions such as liver spots, freckles, lentigo, birth marks and melanoma by effectively suppressing the production of melanin.
