The present disclosure relates to a control device and method, a program, and an endoscope system that are designed to be capable of shortening of the time before focusing.A target point distance calculation unit acquires an illumination intensity from an AE control unit, acquires a target point luminance value from a target point determination unit, and acquires an object reflectance from a reflectance holding unit. The target point distance calculation unit calculates (predicts) the distance to a target point, using the illumination intensity acquired from the AE control unit, the target point luminance value acquired from the target point determination unit, and the object reflectance acquired from the reflectance holding unit. Upon receipt of the target point distance from the target point distance calculation unit, the AF control unit searches for the focus position, using the received target point distance as the initial value. The present disclosure can be applied to an endoscope system to be used for surgeries, examinations, and the like, for example.
