The present invention relates a plant cultivation apparatus using an up-down system enabling mass production of plants by allowing the entire area of a greenhouse to be used as a cultivation space.The plant cultivation apparatus using the up-down system includes a driving unit 20 installed at trusses 12 installed at regular intervals in a forward and backward direction to horizontally cross tops of inner pillars 11 of a greenhouse 10 and including a deceleration motor 21, a drive shaft 22, driving sprocket members 23 installed at the drive shaft at regular intervals in the forward and backward direction and including first to fifth sprockets 231 to 235, and first to fourth left and right auxiliary sprockets 241 to 244 installed to be adjacent to left and right sides of the second to fifth sprockets respectively, an elevating unit 30 operably installed by the driving unit 20 including first to fifth elevating members 31 to 35, and left and right cultivation gutters 40 and 40′ ascending and descending in a state of being coupled to left and right ends of the first to fifth elevating members respectively. The left and right cultivation gutters of the first to third elevating members simultaneously ascend and descend alternately in turn by using one deceleration motor and one driving shaft.
