Provided are a probiotic microcapsule for maintaining strain activity and preparation method thereof; the probiotic microcapsule uses a composite wall structure constituted by a first wall material and a second wall material; the first wall material is a protein plant polysaccharide composite gel made of casein, malt extract, and xylooligosaccharide which can prevent damage to a core material caused by light, heat, oxygen, metal ions, and the like, and positively promote the stability of an embedded material; the second wall material is a plant polysaccharide compound made of Tremella fuciformis polysaccharide, Bletilla striata polysaccharide, Atractylodes macrocephala polysaccharide, guar gum, and pectin which can reduce the impact of vacuum freeze-drying processing technology on the biological activity of core probiotic bacteria; at the same time, when the outside of the first wall material is covered with the second wall material, the first wall material, which contains a large amount of protein, increases the film-forming effectiveness and embedding effect of the second wall material, thereby improving the performance of the composite wall material as a whole such that the composite wall material better protects the core material from biological activity and improves the stability of the core material.L'invention concerne une microcapsule probiotique permettant de maintenir une activité de souche et un procédé de préparation correspondant ; la microcapsule probiotique utilisant une structure de paroi composite constituée d'un premier matériau de paroi et d'un second matériau de paroi ; le premier matériau de paroi étant un gel composite de polysaccharide végétal protéique constitué de caséine, d'un extrait de malt et d'un xylooligosaccharide, qui peut empêcher un endommagement d'un matériau de noyau provoqué par la lumière, la chaleur, l'oxygène, des ions métalliques et similaires, et favoriser positivement la stabilité d'un matériau incorporé ; le second matéri