Disclosed herein are methods and compositions for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases or conditions comprising administration of Gramicidin S peptidyl conjugates (and/or derivatives, analogues, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof), or imidazole-substituted fatty acids (and/or derivatives, analogues, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof), alone or in combination with one or more active agents (e.g., an aromatic-cationic peptide). The present technology provides compositions related to aromatic-cationic peptides linked to imidazole-substituted fatty acids or Gramicidin S peptidyl conjugates of the present technology and uses of the same. In some embodiments, the aromatic-cationic peptide comprises 2′,6′-dimethyl-Tyr-D-Arg-Phe-Lys-NH2, Phe-D-Arg-Phe-Lys-NH2, or D-Arg-2′,6′-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2.
