Compositions comprising an antioxidant directed or indirectly conjugated to an aromatic-cationic peptide are provide. Said antioxidants are selected from TEMPO, Tro, PBN, AHDP, DBHP, Caf and Hem and may be conjugated to the aromatic-cationic peptide directly or indirectly via a linker to the N-terminus, C-terminus or a side chain of an amino acid residue of the aromatic-cationic peptide. In some embodiments, the aromatic-cationic peptide is 2′；,6′；-Dmt-D-Arg-Phe-Lys-NH2, Phe-D-Arg-Phe-Lys-NH2 or D-Arg-2′；,6′；-Dmt-Lys-Phe-NH2. These conjugates have increased antioxidant activity as compared to the unconjugated aromatic-cationic peptide and have utility in treating complex regional pain syndrome.
