The invention provides the use of a complement inhibitor in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment or prophylaxis of atherosclerosis in a subject in need of treatment by administering to the subject a therapeutically effective amount of said medicament. The complement inhibitor may be a molecule which can inhibit activation of at least one complement component, inhibit activity of at least one activated complement component, act as an antagonist against at least one complement receptor, or combinations thereof.
