The invention relates to a pharmaceutical antidiabetic composition containing, among the active ingredients thereof, a plant extract of Englerina lecardii, preferably a hydroalcoholic extract of Englerina lecardii leaves. The composition is preferably formulated in the form of microspheres produced using an extrusion and spheronisation method, and then grouped together in capsules. In particular, the composition is intended for cases of type 2 diabetes.