A device (1) is described for protecting dental arches, comprising at least one arc-shaped body (10, 20) comprising in turn an arc-shaped flat wall (11, 21), configured for covering the ends of the teeth of a respective dental arch, and an outer wall (12, 22) which transversally extends from an outer edge (11A, 21A) of the flat wall (11, 21) and is configured for covering the outer surface of the teeth of a dental arch. Each arc-shaped body (10, 20) is manufactured with a material that comprises an ionizing radiation absorbent material. Each arc-shaped body (10, 20) also comprises an inner wall (13, 23) which transversally projects from an inner edge (11B, 21B) of the flat wall (11, 21). Each inner wall (13, 23) is placed in front of said outer wall (12, 22) so as to form a tooth receiving groove. The inner wall (13, 23) of a respective arc-shaped body (10, 20) has a length that is equal to, or slightly greater than, the length of the teeth, so as to cover and protect their complete inner surface, as well as part of the gum immediately adjacent to the base of the teeth, in order to also protect the roots of the teeth. Two arc-shaped bodies (10, 20) are provided, connected to each other at the ends (11C, 21C) of their respective flat walls (11, 21), this reciprocal connection making it possible for the two arc-shaped bodies (10, 20) to move with respect to each other.