A method of preventing progression of an appearance or effect of aging in a subject is provided. A method of preventing, limiting, or inhibiting injury to skin integrity in a subject is also provided. A method of substantially maintaining a state of skin integrity in a subject is further provided. A method of preventing a topographical change of a cutaneous layer of skin in a subject is still further provided. The methods comprise administering an effective amount of a preparation comprising ammonia oxidizing microorganisms to the subject. Related preparations and kits are also provided.本發明提供預防個體老化之外觀或影響之進展的方法。本發明亦提供預防、限制或抑制對個體皮膚完整性造成損傷之方法。本發明進一步提供實質上維持個體皮膚完整性狀態之方法。本發明再進一步提供預防個體皮膚層之形貌變化之方法。該等方法包括向該個體投與有效量之包括氨氧化微生物之製劑。本發明亦提供相關製劑及套組。
