The compound of the following formula (I), the addition salts thereof, the dimer thereof and also the organic or inorganic acid salts thereof, the optical isomers thereof, the geometric isomers thereof and the solvates thereof such as hydrates: in which Ra, Rb and Rc independently represent each other a hydrogen atom, or a linear or branched C1-C4 alkyl group, preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group； R represents a linear C4-C18 alkylene or alkenylene chain, preferably a linear C7-C18 alkylene chain； X represents 0 or 1； when X is 0, the amine is tertiary, then Y represents an anionic group, preferably Y is selected from the carboxylate, phosphonate, phosphate, sulfate and sulphonate groups； when X is 1, the amine is quaternary, Y represents an anionic group, preferably Y is selected from the carboxylate, phosphonate, phosphate, sulfate and sulphonate groups； or a non-ionic group, preferably Y is selected from the groups carboxylic acid, phosphonic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfonic acid and sulfuric acid； it being understood that, when the compound of formula (I) contains an anionic or cationic charge, it is combined with one or more cationic or anionic counterions that provide electrical neutrality to formula (I).El compuesto de la siguiente fórmula (I), las sales de adición del mismo, el dímero del mismo y también las sales ácidas orgánicas o inorgánicas del mismo, los isómeros ópticos del mismo, los isómeros geométricos del mismo y los solvatos del mismo tales como los hidratos: en la que Ra, Rb y Rc representan, independientemente entre sí, un átomo de hidrógeno, o un grupo alquilo C1-C4 lineal o ramificado, preferentemente un átomo de hidrógeno o un grupo metilo； R representa una cadena de alquileno o alquenileno C4-C18 lineal, preferentemente una cadena de alquileno C7-C18 lineal； X representa 0 o 1； cuando X es 0, la amina es terciaria, entonces Y representa un grupo aniónico, preferentemente Y se elige entre los grupos carboxilato, fosfonato, fosfato, sul
