Among the various aspects of the present disclosure is the provision of methods of diagnosing and treating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) including ulcerative colitis (UC) or Crohn's disease (CD). In particular, the present disclosure provides in part a panel of IBD biomarkers useful in diagnosing and making treatment decisions. In addition, the present disclosure provides methods of treating IBD with a plasminogen activator inhibitor-1(PAI-1) inhibitor or tissue plasminogen activator (tPA).