Solutions for non-invasivelymonitoring blood metabolite levelsof a patient are disclosed. In one embodiment,the method includes: repeatedlymeasuring a plurality of electromagneticimpedance readings with a sensor arrayfrom: an epidermis layer of a patient andone of a dermis layer or a subcutaneouslayer of the patient, until a difference betweenthe readings exceeds a threshold；calculating an impedance value representingthe difference using an equivalent circuitmodel and individual adjustment factordata representative of a physiologicalcharacteristic of the patient； and determininga blood metabolite level of the patientfrom the impedance value and ablood metabolite level algorithm, theblood metabolite level algorithm includingblood metabolite level data versuselectromagnetic impedance data valuecorrespondence of the patient.
