The present disclosure relates to use of GDF-15 as a safety biomarker for determining a toxicological effect of a Mdm2 inhibitor； an ex vivo method for determining a toxicological effect of a Mdm2 inhibitor in a subject, in particular for determining a likelihood of developing thrombocytopenia in a subject in response to administration of a dose of a Mdm2 inhibitor； methods of using a Mdm2 inhibitor in the treatment of cancer in a subject； a kit for use in predicting the likelihood that a patient having cancer will develop thrombocytopenia in response to a treatment with a dose of a Mdm2 inhibitor； a kit for use in treating a patient having cancer and related disclosure embodiments.本發明係關於一種作為安全性生物標記之GDF-15用於判定Mdm2抑制劑之毒理學效應之用途；一種用於判定Mdm2抑制劑於個體中之毒理學效應，特定言之用於判定個體因接受投與一定劑量之Mdm2抑制劑而回應發展出血小板減少症之可能性的離體方法；將Mdm2抑制劑用於治療個體之癌症之方法；一種用於預測罹患癌症之患者因接受一定劑量之Mdm2抑制劑治療而回應發展出血小板減少症之可能性的套組；一種用於治療罹患癌症之患者之套組及相關揭示實施例。
