The present invention relates to the field of biomedicine, and in particular to the field of therapeutic nucleic acids. The present invention provides a combination of an RNA encoding an epitope and immune checkpoint inhibitors. A pharmaceutical composition, vaccine, and kit-of-parts comprising said combination are also provided. Furthermore, the present invention relates to the combination, (pharmaceutical) composition, vaccine or kit-of-parts for use in medicine, and in particular in the treatment and/or prophylaxis of cancer, infectious diseases and other diseases and disorders.
