A pharmaceutical composition comprising a muscarinic antagonist and an adenosine antagonist for topical or ophthalmic application, and ophthalmic devices containing or delivering the same, and methods of using the same, for controlling and/or reducing the progression of myopia.本發明提供一種用於局部或眼部施用之包含蕈毒鹼拮抗劑及腺苷拮抗劑的醫藥組合物,及含有該醫藥組合物或遞送該醫藥組合物之眼科用裝置,及其使用方法,以用於控制及/或降低近視進展。