The present disclosure concerns A3AR ligand for reducing ectopic fat accumulation, particularly in fatty liver. Also provided by the present disclosure is the use of A3AR ligand for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition for reducing such fat accumulation, method of treating a condition associates with fat accumulation making use of the ligand and kits comprising pharmaceutical compositions comprising the ligand, and instructions for use of same, for treating a condition associated with ectopic fat accumulation. In one embodiment, the present disclosure provides the use of an A3AR agonist, such as 2-Chloro-N6-(3-iodobenzyl)-adenosine-5'-N-methyluronamide (C1-IB-MECA, CF102) for treating fatty liver, specifically, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).
