A device for examining and surgically operating on a body cavity, in particular an anal or vaginal cavity, includes an elongate hollow body exhibiting an insertion portion for at least a partial insertion of the device internally of the cavity and an open portion, arranged on an opposite side to the insertion portion, through which the cavity is at least partially visible or reachable by at least a surgical instrument. At least a part of the hollow body exhibits a structural sector which is interposed between the insertion portion and the open portion in order to be positioned in the cavity. The structural sector has a longitudinal window through which a portion of the cavity affected by a pathology can be isolated. In a transversal section, the structural sector extends in a substantially curved development and exhibits opposite ends which are substantially parallel to one another, so as to divaricate the cavity while keeping tensioned the portion of the cavity affected by the pathology and prevent sagging thereof inside the hollow body.
