A vitrectomy apparatus comprises a containment body (3), at least one supply device (4), (5) which can be fixed to an eyeball (6) and/or moved by an operator, feeding means (7) for the controlled feeding of at least one operating fluid, at least partly mounted in the containment body (3) and in turn comprising at least one main pipe (8) which is or can be connected to the supply device (4), (5), and at least one control unit (21) operatively connected at least to the feeding means (7) for controlling their operation. The vitrectomy apparatus (1) also comprises means for varying the temperature (11) of the operating fluid, being coupled with the feeding means (7) and/or with the supply device (4), (5), for varying the temperature of the operating fluid, the control unit (21) also being connected to the means for varying the temperature (11) in order to control their operation. In particular, the means for varying the temperature (11) can act as heating means (12), and comprise one or more Peltier cells (15).
