The invention relates to oral pharmaceutical compositions, medicaments anduses thereof. Inembodiments the pharmaceutical compositions comprise a mammalian hormonehaving a molecularweight of up to 100,000 Daltons, and two protease inhibitors consisting of soybean trypsin inhibitor(SBTI) and aprotinin. In embodiments the mammalian hormone is insulin orExenatide and thepharmaceutical compositions and medicaments are for treating diabetes mellitusor for reducing anincidence of hyperglycemia in a subject.