The present invention provides a topical formulation including (i) comfrey or a comfrey-derived compound, or an analogue or derivative thereof, and (ii) a penetration enhancer, and optionally including tannic acid, or an analogue or derivative thereof The present invention provides a topical formulation including (i) comfrey or a comfrey-derived compound, or an analogue or derivative thereof, and (ii) tannic acid, or an analogue or derivative thereof, optionally including a penetration enhancer. Also provided are kits and methods of prophylactic or therapeutic treatment of inflammatory and/or degenerative conditions using the combination of active ingredients as herein described.