The present invention relates to: a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating Gleevec-resistant leukemia, containing, as an active ingredient, ginsenoside F1 or Rg3 which exhibits a preventive or treatment effect on Gleevec-resistant leukemia a method for treating Gleevec-resistant leukemia comprising a step of administering the pharmaceutical composition and a food composition for preventing or alleviating Gleevec-resistant leukemia. When using the pharmaceutical composition of the present invention, leukemia exhibiting resistance due to conventional Gleevec can be effectively treated, and thus the pharmaceutical composition can be widely used for effective leukemia treatment.
