Double-stranded oligonucleotides (I) consisting of two complementary strands (Ia; Ib), each having at one of their 3' and 5' ends 1-5 unpaired nucleotides, forming single-stranded overhangs, are new. One of (Ia) and (Ib) is complementary to a target sequence, of DNA or RNA, that is to be specifically repressed. ACTIVITY : Cytostatic; Virucide; Anti-HIV; Neuroprotective; Ophthalmological; Antidiabetic; Antipsoriatic; Antirheumatic; Antiarthritic. The oligonucleotide hybrid (A) prepared from sequences of formulae ggggaggcagccauugagacTT gucucaauggcugccuccccTT (lower case indicates ribonucleotides and upper case deoxyribonucleotides) was designed to target the junction of the PML/RARalpha fusion gene associated with promyelocytic leukemia. It (500 ng) was introduced into NIH 3T3 cells, co-transfected with a vector (100 ng) that expressed the PML/RARalpha fusion. Western blotting analysis after 48 hours showed greatly reduced expression of the fusion protein, relative to a control without (A). MECHANISM OF ACTION : Antisense inhibition of gene expression.L'invention a pour objet un oligonucléotide double brin caractérisé en ce qu'il est constitué de deux séquences oligonucléotidiques complémentaires formant un hybride comprenant chacune à l'une de leurs extrémités 3' ou 5' un à cinq nucléotides non appariés formant des bouts simples brins débordant de l'hybride, l'une desdites séquences oligonucléotidiques étant substantiellement complémentaire d'une séquence cible appartenant à une molécule d'ADN ou d'ARN à réprimer spécifiquement. L'invention se rapporte aussi à l'utilisation desdits oligonucléotides dans des compositions pharmaceutiques notamment pour le traitement des cancers.