Disease may be detected, monitored, etc. by detecting metabolic dysfunctionin a patients eyes. In one embodiment of an apparatus, an excitation lightis generated by an excitation light source to induce autofluorescence in an oculartissue (e.g., retinal tissue), wherein the excitation light excites flavoproteinautofluorescence (FA) and minimizes the excitation of non-flavoprotein autofluorescence.At least a single image representing the induced ocular tissue autofluorescenceis captured. The at least single image is intensified to increase the signal strengthof the ocular tissue autofluorescence. The at least single image is analyzedto generate an indicator of whether a patient has one or more of eye damage, a diseasethat causes eye damage, or to generate an indicator of the progression of a disease,an indicator of the effectiveness of a treatment, a personalized treatment fora subject, etc.
