The present teachings provide RNA molecules, including asymmetric interfering RNAs (aiRNAs), that are capable of reducing or inhibiting cancer cell’s immune-evasion mechanisms by modulating the expression of immune checkpoint proteins compositions thereof and methods of using thereof. For example, one of the RNA molecules includes an antisense strand and a sense strand, where the antisense strand consists of 19-23 nucleotides, the sense strand consists of 14-17 nucleotides, where the sense strand is complementary to the antisense strand and where the antisense strand comprises a sequence that is complementary to a target nucleotide sequence in an mRNA that encodes a ligand to PD-1.本文之教示內容提供RNA分子(包含非對稱干擾RNA(aiRNA)),其能夠藉由調節免疫查核點蛋白質之表現來減低或抑制癌症細胞之免疫逃避機制;其組成物;與其使用方法。例如,RNA分子之一包含反義股與意義股,其中該反義股由19-23個核苷酸所組成,該意義股由14-17個核苷酸所組成,其中該意義股係與該反義股互補;且其中該反義股包含與於編碼PD-1之配位體的mRNA中的目標核苷酸序列互補的序列。
