Provided are a chuck-type reducer cannula device and a puncture device. The cannula device comprises a reducer cannula assembly (300), a lower cover plate (104) and a lower housing (103). The reducer cannula assembly (300) is clamped and fixed by means of the lower cover plate (104) and the lower housing (103). The reducer cannula assembly (300) comprises a first split cannula (301), a second split cannula (302) and a third split cannula (303) capable of moving in a radial direction, and a thin film cannula (101) wrapped around the first, second and third split cannulas (301, 302, 303). The first, second and third split cannulas (301, 302, 303) are arranged in a circular ring shape along a longitudinal axis (1000), and together with the thin film cannula (101), form a hollow channel for a surgical instrument to access or exit therefrom. The reducer cannula assembly (300) further comprises a vortex drive mechanism (308). The vortex drive mechanism (308) drives the first, second and third split cannulas (301, 3
