Cosmetic composition comprising a cationic surfactant, a fatty alcohol and two nonionic polymers The invention relates to a composition for the cosmetic treatment of keratin materials, in particular human keratin fibres such as the hair, comprising one or more cationic surfactants, one or more fatty alcohols, one or more nonionic non-associative cellulose-based polymers and one or more nonionic associative polymers. The invention also relates to a cosmetic treatment process using this composition.