The present invention relates to a hydrogel of chitosan carboxyalkylamide, characterised in that it has a pH value close to that of the skin, comprised between 6.5 and 7.2, and in that the chitosan carboxy-alkylamide is constituted by 40 to 90 mole % of D-glucosamine N-carboxyalkylamide units of formula (I) where n represents an integer ranging from 1 to 8, from 60 to 10 mole % of protonated D-glucosamine units, and from 5 to 15 mole % of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine units. The present invention also relates to a dehydration product of such a gel and the cosmetic and/or dermatological utilisation of the gel and the dehydration product.