There is provided a method and apparatus for a tongue implant to induce deformation of the tongue for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea. In first inactive state it can deform like the tongue needing minimal deformation forces and in second state change deforming the tongue and changing its rigidity to reliably and safely open up the pharyngeal airway blocked by the tongue by deforming and protruding the tongue and thus prevent or recover apneic events. Furthermore it minimizes relative movement between implanted member and tongue surface in contact with the member to avoid abrasion of the member. In another embodiment, there is provided a method and apparatus for placement of a passive implant to permanently compress the tongue by deforming it, stiffening it and providing a torque to maintain pharyngeal stability for the treatment of obstructive sleep apnea.
