The present invention provides methods for the treatment of esophageal cancer patients as well as the identification and selection of esophageal cancer patients for treatment with an anti-EGFR agent treatment including anti-EGFR antibody treatment, e.g., cetuximab treatment. In some embodiments, the drug is against a heterodimer formed by EGFR and another member of the ErbB receptor family such as EfbB2/Her2/neu.