A monitoring and control system (10) for an aquarium or pond, comprising a sensor module (11) including sensors for monitoring environmental conditions within the aquarium or pond, and at least one video camera for providing video images of one or more regions of the aquarium or pond； an information transmitting and receiving module (12) for transmitting information gathered by the sensor module to a remote server (20), and receiving instructions； and an action triggering module (13) responsive to said instructions for actuating one or more automated control devices to alter the environmental conditions within the aquarium or pond. Preferably, the sensor module (11) includes sensors for any of water level, temperature, pH, hardness, ammonia, nitrates or nitrites. The sensor module (11) monitors such parameters continuously and autonomously without any need for human intervention, and can thus be left unattended. Video images are transmitted to the remote server (20), allowing an expert system at the remote server to identify conditions within the aquarium/pond, or conditions of individual specimens from analysis of the video images. The action triggering module may include automated control devices for water heating, lighting, filter pump, aeration pump, water changing, food dispensing, water additive dispensing, and medicament dispensing. In this way, corrective action can be taken by the monitoring and control system without the need for manual intervention.
