Disclosed is an apparatus used for providing laser steering and focusing for, incision, excision and/or ablation of tissue in minimally-invasive surgery. The apparatus comprises at least one optical element which is configured to at least one of refract or diffract at least one laser light beam； at least one structure to hold the optical element. The at least one optical element is structured to receive the at least one light beam at one first angle, and generate at least one refracted or diffracted light beam at a second angle, which is uniform, which is different from the first angle relative to an optical axis. The at least one refracted or diffracted light beam is generated at a first rotational angle with respect to the optical axis that is dependent on a second rotational angle of the at least one optical element with respect to the optical axis. The at least one optical element is a plurality of optical elements, and wherein at least two of the optical elements are structured to generate the at least one refracted or diffracted light beam, where at least one optical element is at least one of a prism or a grating of variable spatial frequency such as an acoustooptical grating.
