An electrode for use with a therapeutic current delivery system can include a flexible, water vapor-permeable, conductive adhesive material； a current dispersing element in contact with the conductive adhesive material； and a non-conductive, flexible, water vapor-permeable, electrically-insulating top layer provided in contact with the current dispersing element. The current dispersing element can be conductive at least laterally along a plane of the electrode. The conductive adhesive material can be conductive in a direction substantially orthogonal to the plane of the electrode and semi-conductive in a direction substantially lateral to the plane of the electrode.
