Electrodes for transferring a charge, the electrodes have a plurality of members for making electrical contact. The electrodes are suitable for treating aqueous, substantially aqueous and nonaqueous fluids including wastewater, solvents and gases. Water may be treated using the electrodes to provide higher dissolved oxygen or lower levels of contaminants after treatment. The electrodes may be useful in precipitation reactions such as electrowinning methods. The electrodes may also be capable of altering biological characteristics of organisms such as algae and bacteria.
