In an embodiment of the disclosure, there is provided a handheld vision tester for vision self-testing by a user. The handheld vision tester comprises a touchscreen display and a control. The touchscreen display is configured to present different shapes, either statically or dynamically, to the user for the vision self-testing. One of the different shapes may be a modulated version of another similar shape displayed at the same time. The modulated version of the another similar shape includes a modulated edge. The control is configured to allow a user to trigger operations of the tester and allow the user to select, with the touchscreen display, one of the different shapes. The handheld vision tester is configured to determine results of the vision self-testing from the user selections.
