The present invention is directed towards a composition comprising, in an aqueous medium: (a) at least one anti-dandruff agent (b) at least one viscosity modifying agent (c) at least acrylic-based polymeric compound different from the viscosity modifying agent (d) at least two surfactants chosen from amphoteric surfactants and zwitterionic surfactants and (e) optionally, at least one conditioning agent. The present invention also relates to a process for the care of hair and/or scalp.