Molecular targets that are specific for human leukemic stem cells (LSCs) are found, and a therapeutic means that will lead to radical treatment of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and the like are provided. A test method for predicting the initial onset or a recurrence of AML, comprising (1) a step of measuring the expression level of LSC marker genes in a biological sample collected from a subject for a transcription product or translation product of the gene as an analyte, and (2) a step of comparing the expression levels obtained in the measuring step with a reference value, wherein the LSC marker genes consist of 2 to 218 genes； an LSC-targeting therapeutic agent for AML containing as an active ingredient a substance capable of suppressing the expression of a gene selected from among LSC marker genes or a substance capable of suppressing the activity of a translation product of the gene； and a method for producing a sample containing hematopoietic cells for autologous transplantation or allogeneic transplantation for AML patients, comprising a step of obtaining an LSC-purged sample with at least 1 kind of LSC marker as an index. LSC marker genes are as defined in the Description.
