A cylindrical-component grinding device, includes a workpiece advancing apparatus and a grinding disc apparatus including first and second grinding discs rotating relative to each other; the first grinding disc's working face is planar; the second grinding disc's surface, opposite the first grinding disc, includes a set of radial straight grooves with groove faces thereof functioning as the working face of the second grinding disc. The workpiece advancing apparatus includes a main body with a plurality of material-pushing mechanisms and material storage hoppers mounted thereon. The grinding method is: during grinding, the workpiece spins inside the straight grooves, while the workpiece advancing apparatus pushes the workpiece in translational motion along the straight grooves. Using the device and method, the shape accuracy and dimensional consistency of the cylindrical roller's cylindrical surface and the machining efficiency of cylindrical component's cylindrical surface may be improved, and machining cost
