The present invention provides a composition useful for the treatment, prevention, or improvement of Alzheimer's disease, using an ingredient derived from turmeric as an active ingredient. The present invention relates to a composition for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease, a composition for inhibiting the death of cerebral nerve cells, a composition for inhibiting the activation of microglia induced by amyloid β peptide, or Compositions for inhibiting the production of PGE2, TNF-α or IL-1β induced by amyloid β peptides, which are obtained by at least one extraction solvent selected from the group consisting of water and hydrophilic organic solvents Turmeric extract, or at least one selected from curcumin A and curcumin B as an active ingredient.本發明提供一種以源自薑黃之成分作為有效成分之對阿茲海默氏病之治療、預防或改善等有用的組合物。本發明係關於一種阿茲海默氏病之治療用組合物、腦神經細胞死亡之抑制用組合物、由澱粉狀蛋白β胜肽誘導之小神經膠質之活性化之抑制用組合物、或由澱粉狀蛋白β胜肽誘導之PGE2、TNF-α或IL-1β產生之抑制用組合物，該等以藉由選自由水及親水性有機溶劑所組成之群中之至少1種萃取溶劑所獲得之薑黃萃取物、或選自薑黃酮醇A及薑黃酮醇B中之至少一種作為有效成分。
