The present invention refers to biocompatible porous scaffolds, especially bone regeneration scaffolds, comprising carbon-based nanoparticles, especially diamond nanoparticles, methods for the production of such biocompatible porous scaffolds, the use of such biocompatible porous scaffolds and methods for treating bone defects by inserting such biocompatible porous scaffolds comprising carbon-based nanoparticles into the bone defect.