In one aspect, a method for monitoring seed meter operation may includeoperating a seed meter such that seeds are transported by a seed transportmember ofthe seed meter from a seed acquisition region to a separate location forsubsequentdischarge from the seed meter. In addition, the method may include receivinganindex signal from a sensor located within a portion of the seed meter acrosswhich anair pressure differential exists to allow seeds to be transported by the seedtransportmember and receiving a timing signal associated with an extent to which theseedtransport member has been rotated within the seed meter following receipt oftheindex signal. The method may also include evaluating data from the sensorbased onthe timing signal to identify at least one of the presence or absence of aseed withinthe one or more seeds cells of the seed transport member.