#$%^&*AU2016204058A120160707.pdf#####Abstract The invention provides a marine infi-astructure comprising a concrete matrix having a pH of less than 12 for use in promoting the growth of fauna and flora in aquatic 5 environment, and methods for promoting the growth of fauna and flora in aquatic environment, including endolitic and epilitic flora and endolitic and epilitic anaerobic and erotic flora and fauna.