A method for performing a bale collection operation may generally include accessing data associated with a plurality of baling paths traversed across a field during the performance of a baling operation, with each baling path being associated with at least one bale of a plurality of bales to be collected within the field. The method may also include determining a location of a staging area relative to the field for aggregating the bales and generating a plurality of guidance lines to be traversed when collecting the bales and delivering the bales to the staging area. In addition, the method may include guiding a work vehicle along the plurality of guidance lines to collect the bales within the field and deliver the bales to the staging area.
