Disclosed are a disposable scalpel blade assembly and an associated non-disposable scalpel handle (4). The blade assembly has a blade (2), a blade holder (1), and a blade sheath (3). An elastic arm (17) is disposed in the rear of the blade holder (1), and an extended block (172) is disposed at an end of the arm. A reservation hole (37) is disposed at a position of an inner wall of the blade sheath (3) corresponding to the extended block (172). When the scalpel handle (4) is inserted, the extended block (172) stretches into the reservation hole (37) to move away laterally, so that the scalpel handle (4) is connected to the blade holder (1). When the scalpel handle (4) is pulled out, the extended block (172) staggers with the reservation hole (37) and cannot move away laterally, so that the scalpel handle (4) cannot be inserted again for connection. A first front locking groove (11) is disposed in a front end of a first sliding groove (12), and a dead locking groove (19) is disposed in front of the first front locking groove (11). After the scalpel is used, a top surface unlocking button (31) disposed on the blade sheath (3) can be pushed or an action of pulling out the scalpel handle (4) is used, so that a first bulge (321) on the blade sheath (3) falls into the dead locking groove (19) and is deadly locked. By means of the blade assembly and the scalpel handle (4), the safety problem of a second use of the scalpel is completely eliminated.Linvention concerne un ensemble lame de scalpel jetable et un manche de scalpel non jetable (4) associé. Lensemble lame a une lame (2), un support de lame (1) et une gaine de lame (3). Un bras élastique (17) est disposé à larrière du support de lame (1), et un bloc étendu (172) est disposé à une extrémité du bras. Un trou de réserve (37) est disposé à une position dune paroi interne de la gaine de lame (3) correspondant au bloc étendu (172). Lorsque le manche de scalpel (4) est introduit, le bloc étendu (172) sétire dans le trou de
