The present invention provides a hard capsule comprising an outer and one inner capsule, wherein the outer capsule comprises a hydrophobic liquid and the inner capsule which comprises a composition comprising uncoated microorganisms and optionally at least one desiccant. The composition may comprise a filtrate composed of viable fecal bacteria useful forfecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) or a mixture of one or more different types of microorganisms isolated from intestinal microbiome,such as bacteria, archaea,virus, or fungi such as yeast. The composition may comprise a desiccant, preferably a food approved component which is degradable in the gastrointestinal tract. The hydrophobic liquid, if present, is preferably at least one edible oil. Also provided are methods of treating or preventing a dysbiosis in a human subject, comprising administering to the human subject at least one capsule of the invention.
