The invention relates to a composition in the form of an oil-in-water emulsion comprising, in a physiologically acceptable medium: i) at least 0.005% by weight, preferably at least 0.01% by weight, relative to the total weight of the composition, of at least one inulin modified with hydrophobic chains, and ii) at least 0.01% by weight, preferably at least 0.05% by weight, of active substance relative to the total weight of the composition, of at least one hydrophilic acrylic polymer selected from the at least partially neutralized, crosslinked acrylic homopolymers or copolymers, the polyacrylamidomethyl-propanesulphonic acid (AMPS) homopolymers and mixtures thereof. It also relates to a cosmetic method employing said composition.