Described herein are compositions and methods for enhancing peripheral macrophage A&bgr； phagocytosis activity. The methods include inhibiting the TGF-&bgr； signaling pathway and activating the BMP signaling pathway in peripheral macrophages to promote central nervous system infiltration and enhance macrophage A&bgr； phagocytosis activity. Inhibition of TGF-&bgr； signaling and activation of BMP signaling in peripheral macrophages represents an advantageous anti-amyloid therapeutic approach for Alzheimer's disease.
